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This classic work has been a unique resource for thousands of mathematicians, scientists and engineers since its first appearance in 1902. Never out of print, its continuing value lies in its thorough and exhaustive tre…

It represents a universally applicable attitude and skill set everyone, not just computer scientists, would be eager to learn and use.

In recent years, supervised learning with convolutional networks (CNNs) has seen huge adoption in computer vision applications. Comparatively, unsupervised learning with CNNs has received less attention. In this work we…

Measurements of the Hall voltage of a two-dimensional electron gas, realized with a silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor, show that the Hall resistance at particular, experimentally well-defined sur…

In spite of feminist recognition that hierarchical organizations are an important location of male dominance, most feminists writing about organizations assume that organizational structure is gender neutral. This artic…

Rockström, J., W. Steffen, K. Noone, Å. Persson, F. S. Chapin, III, E. Lambin, T. M. Lenton, M. Scheffer, C. Folke, H. Schellnhuber, B. Nykvist, C. A. De Wit, T. Hughes, S. van der Leeuw, H. Rodhe, S. Sörlin, P. K. Snyd…

A crucial problem in psychiatry, affecting clinical work as well as research, is the generally low reliability of current psychiatric diagnostic procedures. This article describes the development and initial reliability…

Many scientific phenomena are now investigated by complex computer models or codes. A computer experiment is a number of runs of the code with various inputs. A feature of many computer experiments is that the output is…

Henry Jenkins, former professor of humanities, MIT, is one of the leading science authorities in the analysis of New Media. Today, he is Professor of Communication, Journalism, and Cinematic Arts at USC. In this dialogu…

Optical trapping of dielectric particles by a single-beam gradient force trap was demonstrated for the first reported time. This confirms the concept of negative light pressure due to the gradient force. Trapping was ob…

The conditions associated with the existence and stability of democratic society have been a leading concern of political philosophy. In this paper the problem is attacked from a sociological and behavioral standpoint,…

Introduction Continuous Outcomes Binary Outcomes Testing and Fit Ordinal Outcomes Nominal Outcomes Limited Outcomes Count Outcomes Conclusions

The ESC/ERS Guidelines represent the views of the ESC and ERS and were produced after careful consideration of the scientific and medical knowledge and the evidence available at the time of their publication. The ESC an…

Part I:The Scientific Research Process Introduction to Nursing Research Overview of the Research Process Research Problems, Research Questions, and Hypotheses Part II:Contexts for Nursing Research The Knowledge Context:…

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The time-frequency and time-scale communities have recently developed a large number of overcomplete waveform dictionaries --- stationary wavelets, wavelet packets, cosine packets, chirplets, and warplets, to name a few…

Although Kraken's k-mer-based approach provides a fast taxonomic classification of metagenomic sequence data, its large memory requirements can be limiting for some applications. Kraken 2 improves upon Kraken 1 by reduc…

Applications of second‐moment turbulent closure hypotheses to geophysical fluid problems have developed rapidly since 1973, when genuine predictive skill in coping with the effects of stratification was demonstrated. Th…

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTHoneycomb Carbon: A Review of GrapheneMatthew J. Allen†, Vincent C. Tung‡, and Richard B. Kaner*†‡View Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Californi…

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of antiplatelet therapy among patients at high risk of occlusive vascular events. DESIGN: Collaborative meta-analyses (systematic overviews). INCLUSION CRITERIA: Randomised trials of…

We present a new open source, extensible and flexible software platform for Bayesian evolutionary analysis called BEAST 2. This software platform is a re-design of the popular BEAST 1 platform to correct structural defi…

December 1979, volume 24 There is a distinct tradition in the literature on social science research methods that advocates the use of multiple methods. This form of research strategy is usually described as one of conve…

BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy that reduces viral replication could limit the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in serodiscordant couples. METHODS: In nine countries, we enrolled 1763 coupl…

The sparsity which is implicit in MR images is exploited to significantly undersample k-space. Some MR images such as angiograms are already sparse in the pixel representation; other, more complicated images have a spar…

The International Panel on MS Diagnosis presents revised diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis (MS). The focus remains on the objective demonstration of dissemination of lesions in both time and space. Magnetic res…

Nuclear cardiology, echocardiography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), cardiac computed tomography (CT), positron emission computed tomography (PET), and coronary angiography are imaging modalities that have bee…

Urban areas are hot spots that drive environmental change at multiple scales. Material demands of production and human consumption alter land use and cover, biodiversity, and hydrosystems locally to regionally, and urba…

On a shelf in the sunny, open-plan o ice of Cochrane Australia in Melbourne, there's a large, white ring-binder that, it's fair to say, hasn't been opened in a while.It's a printed copy of the original, 1994 edition of…

In this paper, we discuss some interesting properties of the electromagnetic potentials in the quantum domain. We shall show that, contrary to the conclusions of classical mechanics, there exist effects of potentials on…

A model for a large network of "neurons" with a graded response (or sigmoid input-output relation) is studied. This deterministic system has collective properties in very close correspondence with the earlier stochastic…

Noam Chomsky's first book on syntactic structures is one of the first serious attempts on the part of a linguist to construct within the tradition of scientific theory-construction a comprehensive theory of language whi…

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTDeep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) and Their ApplicationsEmma L. Smith*†‡, Andrew P. Abbott‡, and Karl S. Ryder‡View Author Information† Department of Chemistry, School of Science a…

Humans continue to transform the global nitrogen cycle at a record pace, reflecting an increased combustion of fossil fuels, growing demand for nitrogen in agriculture and industry, and pervasive inefficiencies in its u…

We introduce in this work a new approach to the identification of localized electronic groups in atomic and molecular systems. Our approach is based on local behavior of the Hartree–Fock parallel-spin pair probability a…

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The Atlanta classification of acute pancreatitis enabled standardised reporting of research and aided communication between clinicians. Deficiencies identified and improved understanding of the…

As a fascinating conjugated polymer, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has become a new research hotspot and drawn broad interdisciplinary attention as a metal-free and visible-light-responsive photocatalyst in the aren…

Boosting is one of the most important recent developments in classification methodology. Boosting works by sequentially applying a classification algorithm to reweighted versions of the training data and then taking a w…

Journal Article The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing Get access Kenneth J. Arrow Kenneth J. Arrow Stanford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Economic Studie…

Abstract The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) provides a calibration-based sequential scheme for combining precipitation estimates from multiple satellites, as well…

No feature-based vision system can work unless good features can be identified and tracked from frame to frame. Although tracking itself is by and large a solved problem, selecting features that can be tracked well and…

Outcomes of high-throughput biological experiments are typically interpreted by statistical testing for enriched gene functional categories defined by the Gene Ontology (GO). The resulting lists of GO terms may be large…

This paper contains a new approach toward a theory of robust estimation; it treats in detail the asymptotic theory of estimating a location parameter for contaminated normal distributions, and exhibits estimators--inter…

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSignaling Recognition Events with Fluorescent Sensors and SwitchesA. Prasanna de Silva, H. Q. Nimal Gunaratne, Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson, Allen J. M. Huxley, Colin P. McCoy, Jud…

Advances in causal modeling techniques have made it possible for researchers to simultaneously examine theory and measures. However, researchers must use these new techniques appropriately. In addition to dealing with t…

Both practitioners and academics understand that consumer loyalty and satisfaction are linked inextricably. They also understand that this relation is asymmetric. Although loyal consumers are most ...

The promise of quantum computers is that certain computational tasks might be executed exponentially faster on a quantum processor than on a classical processor1. A fundamental challenge is to build a high-fidelity proc…

Recent technological advances have opened unprecedented opportunities for large-scale sequencing and analysis of populations of pathogenic species in disease outbreaks, as well as for large-scale diversity studies aimed…

1. Introduction 2. Design considerations 3. Exploring longitudinal data 4. General linear models 5. Parametric models for covariance structure 6. Analysis of variance methods 7. Generalized linear models for longitudina…

A common method for real-time segmentation of moving regions in image sequences involves "background subtraction", or thresholding the error between an estimate of the image without moving objects and the current image.…

The Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) of the National Cholesterol Education Program issued an evidence-based set of guidelines on cholesterol management in 2001. Since the publication of ATP III, 5 major clinical tria…

This a much expanded and updated version of David Silvermans best-selling introductory textbook for the beginning qualitative researcher. Features of the New Edition: • Takes account of the flood of qualitative work sin…

In this 1982 book, the theory of games, first developed to analyse economic behaviour, is modified so that it can be applied to evolving populations. John Maynard Smith's concept of an evolutionarily stable strategy is…

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Suppose we are given a vector &lt;emphasis&gt;&lt;formula formulatype="inline"&gt; &lt;tex&gt;$f$&lt;/tex&gt;&lt;/formula&…

Gaia is a cornerstone mission in the science programme of the EuropeanSpace Agency (ESA). The spacecraft construction was approved in 2006, following a study in which the original interferometric concept was changed to…

This article presents a model for quality in qualitative research that is uniquely expansive, yet flexible, in that it makes distinctions among qualitative research’s means (methods and practices) and its ends. The arti…

l\lany systems encountered in practice involve a coupling between contin uous dynamics and discrete events. Systems in which these two kinds of dynamics coexist and interact are usually called hybrid.

Apoptosis, an evolutionarily conserved form of cell suicide, requires specialized machinery. The central component of this machinery is a proteolytic system involving a family of proteases called caspases. These enzymes…

The practice of attempting validation of crack-propagation laws (i.e., the laws of Head, Frost and Dugdale, McEvily and Illg, Liu, and Paris) with a small amount of data, such as a few single specimen test results, is q…

Abstract This study examines the evidence for the effectiveness of active learning. It defines the common forms of active learning most relevant for engineering faculty and critically examines the core element of each m…

This chapter contains sections titled: Economic Action The concept of economic action Religious Ethics and Economic Rationality The Market: Its Impersonality and Ethic Class, Status, Party Economically Determined Power…

Preface to the Classics Edition Preface Acknowledgments Glossary of Symbols Introduction Part I. Background Material. 1. Sample Problems 2. Linear Algebra 3. Analysis Part II. Nonconstructive Existence Theorems. 4. Grad…

The “Roaring 20s” of visual recognition began with the introduction of Vision Transformers (ViTs), which quickly superseded ConvNets as the state-of-the-art image classification model. A vanilla ViT, on the other hand,…

Penetration of Liquids into Cylindrical Capillaries.---The rate of penetration into a small capillary of radius $r$ is shown to be: $\frac{\mathrm{dl}}{\mathrm{dt}}=\frac{P({r}^{2}+4\ensuremath{\epsilon}r)}{8\ensuremath…

John Lintner, The Valuation of Risk Assets and the Selection of Risky Investments in Stock Portfolios and Capital Budgets, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 47, No. 1 (Feb., 1965), pp. 13-37

The learned helplessness hypothesis is criticized and reformulated. The old hypothesis, when applied to learned helplessness in humans, has two major problems: (a) It does not distinguish between cases in which outcomes…

About Ernest L. Boyer vii About the Editors ix About the Contributors xi Editors Acknowledgments xv A Note to the Reader xvii Foreword: Scholarship Reconsidered s Influence in Later Carnegie Foundation Work xxi Mary Tay…